Digital health interventions in Parkinson’s disease management: A narrative review

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) represents a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of individuals worldwide with progressive motor and nonmotor symptoms that substantially impact quality of life. The emergence of digital health technologies has created unprecedented opportunities for enhancing disease monitoring, treatment optimization, and patient care delivery in the management of PD. This narrative review examines the current landscape of digital health interventions, including wearable sensors, smartphone applications, telemedicine platforms, digital therapeutics, and artificial intelligence-based systems in PD care. We analyze the evidence supporting various digital technologies for remote symptom monitoring, medication adherence tracking, motor function assessment, and therapeutic interventions. The review discusses key studies demonstrating the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical utility of digital health tools across different stages of PD, with particular emphasis on regulatory developments from 2023 to 2025, including the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of adaptive deep brain stimulation and the clearance of multiple wearable monitoring devices. We address implementation challenges, including technology accessibility, data privacy concerns, healthcare provider training needs, electronic health record (EHR) integration, and digital health equity considerations. Furthermore, this review highlights emerging evidence from the Critical Path for Parkinson’s consortium demonstrating that digital biomarkers can detect disease progression when traditional rating scales fail, the recent validation of digital therapeutics for motor and nonmotor symptoms, and evolving reimbursement frameworks. The synthesis of current evidence suggests that digital health interventions have transitioned from experimental prototypes to validated clinical tools in selected domains, though significant barriers remain regarding standardization, equitable access, and integration into routine clinical workflows. Future directions emphasize the need for large-scale comparative effectiveness trials, the development of harmonized regulatory frameworks, and strategies to ensure digital health equity across diverse patient populations.