Unified Explanation of the Current Cosmological Crisis: A Perspective from the Helical Photon Model

The standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) is facing increasingly severe challenges in explaining multiple observational data, including the Hubble constant tension ), the matter clustering strength tension (), the inconsistency between baryon acoustic oscillations and the cosmic microwave background, and the mature high-redshift galaxies discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. These crises may imply that the space expansion assumption underlying the ΛCDM model is not the only explanation. Based on the helical photon energy dissipation model established by the author in previous work, this paper systematically demonstrates that the above observational anomalies can all be given a unified and self-consistent alternative explanation from the microscopic mechanism that photon energy decays exponentially with propagation distance (). The helical photon model requires no introduction of dark energy, inflation, or space expansion assumptions. Its core redshift formula naturally predicts nonlinear deviations at high redshifts, providing a new theoretical perspective for the current cosmological crisis.