Research on Mechanism Analysis and Optimization of Pneumatic Noise in Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves

The coupling effect among multiple structural parameters is a key factor restricting the analysis and optimization of the Pneumatic noise mechanism in Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves. To address this, a comprehensive numerical study was conducted, focusing on both pneumatic noise modeling and surrogate-based optimization of the valve. First, a numerical model for pneumatic noise prediction was developed and validated using a specially designed test bench. The results showed that the deviations between simulation and experiments were less than 3% in mass flow rate and below 5% in sound pressure level, demonstrating the high accuracy of the computational aeroacoustics approach adopted. Subsequently, to enhance noise reduction performance, the outer diameter of the valve disc, the nozzle diameter, and the edge depth of the anti-impact disc were selected as optimization variables, and a Radial Basis Function (RBF) model was employed as an efficient surrogate predictor. Finally, a grey wolf optimizer algorithm was applied to optimize these parameters based on the RBF model. The optimized design was further verified via simulation. The results indicated that the proposed method achieved a reduction of 3.87 dB in SPL at selected receiver, offering valuable insights for related engineering applications.