Top ten ways to improve phage therapy

Phage therapy, treating bacterial infections with bacteriophages, is complicated. Phages are probably the most diverse entity on Earth, closely followed by bacteria, and both are involved in the treatment of diverse infections in humans, everyone with different immune response. Overall, this causes variation that makes treatment design difficult to navigate. The key to how clinical treatments should be implemented lies in the selection of phages, measures to avoid the emergence of phage resistance in the bacteria, reducing negative immunological reactions and understanding the treatment as a complex kinetic process. The aim of this article is to discuss common obstacles and present concrete measures to improve the results of phage therapy based on the nature of phages and bacteria, as well as with the aid of mathematical modelling.