Glioprotective effects of gM-CSF against glutamate-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and inflammation in rat C6 cells

Key Points

• The aim is to investigate the protective effects of GM-CSF against glutamate-induced toxicity in C6 glioma cells.
• Examined the effects of GM-CSF on oxidative stress in C6 glioma cells.
• Assessed genomic integrity and pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
• Evaluated apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and energy metabolism.
• Investigated the role of autophagy in mitigating toxicity.
• GM-CSF reduced oxidative stress levels in C6 cells.
• It preserved genomic integrity and decreased cytokine release.
• Inhibition of apoptosis was observed, along with improved mitochondrial function.
• Energy metabolism stabilization and autophagy modulation were confirmed.

Abstract