Enhanced Multi-Criteria Accessibility Modelling for Rural Transport Systems: Evidence from a Pilgrimage Village in Gujarat, India

Rural transport is not just about roads and vehicles it directly shapes people’s daily lives, their access to opportunities, and even the growth of local tourism. This study looks at how well people in Parekha village, in Dabhoi taluka of Gujarat, are connected to transport facilities, using a carefully designed accessibility model. To understand the real situation on the ground, data was collected from 90 households, covering about 37% of the village. The responses reveal a concerning picture: nearly 60% of residents struggle with limited public transport options and poorly maintained roads, making everyday travel difficult. To assess this more systematically, an improved Accessibility Index Model was developed. This model considers key factors such as road conditions, availability of transport services, and the distance people must travel to reach transport points. The current accessibility score for the village was found to be 0.38, which reflects low connectivity and limited mobility. However, the study also shows a positive path forward. Through scenario-based analysis, it was found that improving road infrastructure and introducing regular, reliable transport services could significantly boost the accessibility score to 0.76. Overall, the findings highlight that better rural transport planning can do much more than ease travel—it can open up economic opportunities, improve quality of life, and support the growth of sustainable tourism in villages like Parekha.