Key Components of Parental Involvement Proven to Increase Achievement of Public Middle School Students: A Systematic Review

This study aims to present a systematic review of research on the key components necessary for parental involvement in public middle schools. There is limited research on how parental involvement contributes to a student's achievement, specifically in public middle schools. This systematic review seeks to identify the key components of parental involvement, the approaches used to engage parents, and the effectiveness of those components in enhancing the achievement of public middle school students in the United States. A qualitative methodological approach was employed, and six databases were searched to find relevant studies that adhered to the PRISMA 2020 protocol. In total, 14 studies revealed themes related to five research questions: (a) communication as a key component, (b) school-based parental involvement, (c) home-based parental involvement, (d) the engagement period for parental involvement after school, and (e) the effectiveness of these components. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for parents, teachers, school administrators, community members, Education Preparation Programs, and policymakers regarding the impact of parental involvement on middle school students.