The Evolution, Key Breakthroughs, and Future Prospects of Geographical Sciences

Key Points

• The objective is to review the evolution and breakthroughs in geographical sciences and identify future research needs.
• Reviewed the historical development of geographical sciences both internationally and domestically.
• Assessed talent development and experimental observation conditions in the field.
• Identified six key research areas requiring breakthroughs to address strategic national demands.
• Outlined six critical areas for future geographical research: Earth system dynamics, human activity effects, sustainable regional development, global security assessments, intelligent remote sensing, and decision support modeling.
• Highlighted the need for updated scientific concepts and methods within geographical sciences.

Abstract