Core Axioms of Information Ontology: From the All‑Superposition State to the Deficit World

Abstract This work proposes a novel information ontology and existential deficit theory that establishes a unified foundational framework for fundamental physics, from cosmic ontology to observable phenomena. The universe's ultimate ontology is the all‑superposition state, a self‑consistent, complete totality without time, space, or deficit; all observable reality arises from its dimensional reduction onto low‑dimensional real spacetime. This projection inevitably produces an irreducible existential deficit, which manifests in two symmetric dual forms: spatial topological deficit (information deficit, corresponding to electric charge and electromagnetism) and temporal sequence redundancy (information surplus, corresponding to spontaneous decay and weak interaction). The speed of light c is reinterpreted not as a mechanical velocity of light, but as the universal ultimate compensatory rate that closes existential deficits, thereby providing an ontological origin for the constancy and invariance of c. Six fundamental physical constants are unified as quantitative markers of projection, deficit, and compensation. Gravity is not a fundamental force, but the ultimate residual effect of unclosed deficits after local gauge compensation; in extreme black holes, the uncompensated deficit is completely compensated by gravity, manifesting as spacetime curvature. This theory naturally explains the essence of quantum superposition (unclosed deficit states), the origin of physical laws (stable compensatory pathways), and the nature of measurement (deficit closure via observation). A decisive experimental prediction is proposed: a reverse electromagnetic trace within 1–10 ns after nuclear ‑decay. Without introducing free parameters, the theory achieves an ontological unification of quantum mechanics, special relativity, general relativity, and the Standard Model, addressing the foundational gaps of modern physics.