Impact of Green Revolution on Agriculture: A Case Study of Rohtas District

The Green Revolution marked a significant transformation in Indian agriculture, particularly through the introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and mechanization. This study examines the impact of the Green Revolution on agriculture in Rohtas district of Bihar from a geographical perspective. The research analyzes changes in cropping patterns, agricultural productivity, socio-economic conditions, and environmental consequences in the region. The findings reveal that although Rohtas district did not experience the Green Revolution as intensively as northwestern states like Punjab and Haryana, it still witnessed moderate improvements in agricultural productivity, especially in wheat and paddy cultivation. The expansion of irrigation facilities, particularly due to the Sone canal system, contributed significantly to agricultural development. However, the study also highlights several challenges such as increasing dependence on chemical inputs, declining soil fertility, and unequal distribution of benefits among farmers. Small and marginal farmers have not benefited equally due to limited access to resources and technology. The study concludes that while the Green Revolution played a crucial role in enhancing agricultural production in Rohtas district, a balanced and sustainable approach integrating modern technology with ecological practices is necessary for long-term agricultural sustainability.1