Support over violence: How positive school and family environments mitigate the impact of poly-victimization on children's well-being.

OBJECTIVE: While extensive research has documented the detrimental effects of multiple violent experiences on children's psychological well-being, studies exploring protective factors remain limited. This longitudinal study examines how children's positive perceptions of family and school environments mitigate the impact of poly-victimization on psychological well-being and explores whether these mechanisms operate differently for boys and girls. METHOD: = 1.16), with data collected in Spain between 2022 and 2024. Correlations among study variables were analyzed, followed by a path analysis that modeled family and school perceptions as mediators between poly-victimization and psychological well-being. After confirming a significant mediating effect, conditional process modeling was used to examine gender as a moderator of these relationships. RESULTS: Positive perceptions of both family and school environments mediated the association between poly-victimization and psychological well-being. This effect was not moderated by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Positive family and school perceptions mitigate the negative associations between poly-victimization and well-being for all youth, regardless of gender. These findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at strengthening family and school support systems to enhance the resilience of victimized children and early adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).