An investigation of work–family enrichment and female leadership effectiveness: evidence from the regression analysis and QCA

Purpose Female leaders are increasingly recognized for their pivotal role in enhancing team performance within the business sector. The purpose of this study is to uncover how work–family enrichment (WFE) functions and affects female leadership effectiveness (FLE). Specifically, the research investigates the mediating and moderating roles of work-to-family enrichment (WTFE) and family-to-work enrichment (FTWE) on FLE. In addition, it examines how various combinations of WFE resource dimensions influence FLE. Design/methodology/approach Using a mixed-method research design, this study integrates two studies. Study 1 gathered survey data from 193 teams, encompassing 193 female leaders and 684 team subordinates. Study 2 utilized a crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis to analyze interview data from 58 female leaders. Findings Results from Study 1 indicate that both WTFE and FTWE positively impact FLE. Positive affect (PA) is identified as the critical mechanism mediating these effects. In addition, the research reveals that family support moderates the indirect effect of FTWE on FLE via PA. Study 2 uncovers 11 distinct pathways, including three core configurations, which facilitate higher levels of FLE. Originality/value This research contributes significantly to understanding how resource depletion and gain coexist in work and family roles among female leaders. It provides practical recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance FLE through diverse and inclusive strategies.