Multilocus Sequence Typing of Klebsiella Species Strains from Conjunctivitis Causes in Children

Abstract Background: This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of Klebsiella species causing conjunctivitis in children at Mosul hospital. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence and distribution of Klebsiella species responsible for conjunctivitis in children admitted to Mosul Hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 conjunctival samples were collected, from which seven Klebsiella strains were isolated. The strains were accurately identified using chromogenic agar, which provided distinct colors for precise identification. In addition, the VITEK-2 method was used to enhance visualization and aid in strain characterization. To assess genetic variation and classify the strains, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed. Results: Among the isolated strains, two were identified as K. aerogenes , whereas the remaining five were identified as K. pneumoniae . The application of chromogenic agar and the VITEK-2 method facilitated the identification and characterization of the strains effectively. MLST analysis revealed genetic relatedness and potential transmission routes within the hospital environment. Phylogenetic analysis showed varying genetic similarities among the K. pneumoniae strains. Notably, ST 448 and CAV 1344 clustered closely, suggesting a shared evolutionary history. ATCC 13884 showed unique genetic variations, whereas strain BWH2 showed close relatedness to other K. pneumoniae strains. Layla 1, a strain first recorded in Iraq, displayed distinct genetic characteristics. Among the K. aerogenes strains, ADL-323 and FGI35 clustered together due to shared genetic backgrounds. Conclusion: These findings contribute to our understanding of the population structure and evolution of K. pneumoniae and K. aerogenes strains causing conjunctivitis. The accurate identification of Klebsiella species is crucial for the development of effective treatment strategies and infection control measures. Molecular typing techniques play a significant role in investigating genetic diversity and epidemiology. Overall, this research sheds light on the specific Klebsiella species implicated in conjunctivitis among children at Mosul Hospital, emphasizing the necessity for further studies in this field.