Urinalysis and Urine Microscopy as a Diagnostic Cornerstone in Clinical Medicine: A One Health and Global South Perspective

Urinalysis remains a cornerstone diagnostic tool providing rapid, cost-effective insights into renal, metabolic, and infectious diseases, especially in resource-limited settings. This manuscript integrates clinical, public health, and One Health perspectives to reposition urinalysis and urine Microscopy as a very strategic diagnostic pillar that can improve and strengthen the primary healthcare science and point of care (POC) services and in effect strengthening the livelihood of humanity particularly for people in low and medium income countries (LMIC).