Surgical Decision-Making in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Comparative Study from a Tertiary Center

Background/Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the frequency of patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and those with modified radical mastectomy and to compare the clinical–paraclinical parameters between these groups. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective study, which included 101 patients diagnosed with breast cancer that had surgical interventions between January 2024 and April 2025. Results: The BCS category was represented by 36.6% cases, while 63.4% were in the mastectomy subgroup. Hemoglobin at the time of admission had an average of 13 g/dL, the difference between the two categories of patients being statistically significant. (13.7 vs. 12.7, p = 0.010). Conclusions: Although it has been a hotly debated topic in recent years, the choice of surgical technique for breast tumors still presents novelties and remains a subject of interest within surgical specialties. Selection criteria such as disease stage, histopathological subtype, and the intervention chosen by the surgeon may vary and oncological results may be comparable.